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Flooding in Bihar occurs mainly during the monsoon season due to heavy rainfall in both Bihar and the Himalayan catchments of Nepal. Rivers such as the Kosi, Gandak, and Bagmati carry large volumes of water, causing them to overflow. The state's flat terrain and heavy silt deposition reduce river capacity and worsen flooding. As a result, many districts experience severe flooding and waterlogging every year.

Bihar experiences extreme weather due to its unique geography and intensifying climate change effects. Located in the fertile Gangetic plain between the Himalayas and the Vindhya range, it faces frequent floods, droughts, heatwaves, and cold snaps